-
PloS One 2020This study investigates the occurrence of erythematous lip lesions in a captive sun bear population in Cambodia, including the progression of cheilitis to squamous cell...
This study investigates the occurrence of erythematous lip lesions in a captive sun bear population in Cambodia, including the progression of cheilitis to squamous cell carcinoma, and the presence of Ursid gammaherpesvirus 1. Visual assessment conducted in 2015 and 2016 recorded the prevalence and severity of lesions. Opportunistic sampling for disease testing was conducted on a subset of 39 sun bears, with histopathological examination of lip and tongue biopsies and PCR testing of oral swabs and tissue biopsies collected during health examinations. Lip lesions were similarly prevalent in 2015 (66.0%) and 2016 (68.3%). Degradation of lip lesion severity was seen between 2015 and 2016, and the odds of having lip lesions, having more severe lip lesions, and having lip lesion degradation over time, all increased with age. Cheilitis was found in all lip lesion biopsies, with histological confirmation of squamous cell carcinoma in 64.5% of cases. Single biopsies frequently showed progression from dysplasia to neoplasia. Eighteen of 31 sun bears (58.1%) had at least one sample positive for Ursid gammaherpesvirus 1. The virus was detected in sun bears with and without lip lesions, however due to case selection being strongly biased towards those showing lip lesions it was not possible to test for association between Ursid gammaherpesvirus 1 and lip squamous cell carcinoma. Given gammaherpesviruses can play a role in cancer development under certain conditions in other species, we believe further investigation into Ursid gammaherpesvirus 1 as one of a number of possible co-factors in the progression of lip lesions to squamous cell carcinoma is warranted. This study highlights the progressively neoplastic nature of this lip lesion syndrome in sun bears which has consequences for captive and re-release management. Similarly, the detection of Ursid gammaherpesvirus 1 should be considered in pre-release risk analyses, at least until data is available on the prevalence of the virus in wild sun bears.
Topics: Animals; Cambodia; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Disease Progression; Erythema; Female; Gammaherpesvirinae; Lip; Lip Diseases; Lip Neoplasms; Male; Phylogeny; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Ursidae
PubMed: 33259561
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243180 -
International Journal of Environmental... Apr 2022Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a chronic inflammation of the lip considered an oral, potentially malignant disorder associated with an increased risk of lip squamous cell... (Review)
Review
Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a chronic inflammation of the lip considered an oral, potentially malignant disorder associated with an increased risk of lip squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development. Controversies surrounding current therapeutic modalities of AC are under debate, and the implications of laser treatment have not been specifically investigated through a systematic review design. The present study aims to evaluate the degree of evidence of laser for the treatment of AC in terms of efficacy and safety. We searched for primary-level studies published before January 2022 through MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and CENTRAL, with no limitation in publication language or date. We evaluated the methodological quality and risk of bias of the studies included using the updated Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias (RoB-2). Twenty studies (512 patients) met our eligibility criteria. Laser therapy showed a complete clearance of AC in 92.5% patients, with a maximum recurrence rate of 21.43%, and a very low frequency of malignant transformation to SCC (detected in only 3/20 studies analyzed). In addition, cosmetic outcomes and patient satisfaction were described as excellent. In conclusion, our findings indicate that laser therapy is a high efficacy approach to AC.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cheilitis; Humans; Laser Therapy; Lip Neoplasms
PubMed: 35457467
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084593 -
Archives of Oral Biology May 2017Thioredoxin (Trx) and metallothionein (MT) are involved in the development of some carcinomas; however, the role of these proteins in labial carcinogenesis has not yet...
OBJECTIVE
Thioredoxin (Trx) and metallothionein (MT) are involved in the development of some carcinomas; however, the role of these proteins in labial carcinogenesis has not yet been tested. The aims of the study were to evaluate and to correlate the immunoexpression of Trx and MT in actinic cheilitis, lip squamous cell carcinoma, and normal vermillion lip mucosa.
DESIGN
Immunohistochemistry was undertaken for Trx and MT in samples of actinic cheilitis, lip squamous cell carcinoma, and normal lip mucosa. Qualitative and semi-quantitative evaluations were conducted. The proportion of stained cells, intensity of staining, and the cell compartment labeled were evaluated. A quickscore index was also calculated by multiplying the values of extension and intensity of nuclear and cytoplasmic staining, respectively, giving a maximum value of 9. Statistics were performed.
RESULTS
A remarkable nuclear Trx staining was seen in normal lip mucosa and cheilitis, not in carcinoma (p<0.05). Cytoplasmic Trx expression was widely detected in all lesions (p>0.05). MT was broadly expressed in nuclei and cytoplasm of carcinoma, but not in normal lip mucosa and cheilitis (p<0.05). Quickscores were in accordance with the qualitative results.
CONCLUSIONS
The current study showed a different immunopattern of Trx and MT between normal lip mucosa, actinic cheilitis and lip squamous cell carcinoma. The cellular compartment-based analyses evidenced differences that can be related to the proteins function. Considering the relevant roles of these proteins in cellular homeostasis, they seem to have an important role in lip carcinogenesis.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cheilitis; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lip Neoplasms; Male; Metallothionein; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading; Thioredoxins
PubMed: 28183007
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.01.020 -
European Archives of... May 2022To estimate the prevalence of metastasis in the perimarginal nodes (PMNs) (also known as perifacial, preglandular and retroglandual nodes) in head and neck cancer.
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the prevalence of metastasis in the perimarginal nodes (PMNs) (also known as perifacial, preglandular and retroglandual nodes) in head and neck cancer.
METHODS
We recruited 136 patients affected by cancers of the oral cavity, lip, oropharynx, skin and by cáncer of unknown primary (CUP), who were candidates for level IB dissection. PMNs were identified and sent separately for histological analysis. Correlation between metastasis to the PMNs and characteristics of the primary tumour were reported.
RESULTS
The incidence of metastasis was 17% from oral cancer, 50% from lip cancer and 12.5% from skin cancer. No metastases were reported for oropharynx cancer or CUP. The only factor that correlated with the incidence of metastases was origin of the tumour from the upper part of oral cavity.
CONCLUSION
PMNs represent a frequent site of metastasis in oral and lip cancers. In cancer of the oropharynx, their involvement has not been not reported, while their role in skin cancers remains to be clarified.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Lip Neoplasms; Lymph Nodes; Mouth Neoplasms; Neck; Neck Dissection; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 34448944
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-07056-1 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Jan 2021To investigate the relative frequency of localized mucosal swellings of the upper and lower labial mucosa, the clinical-pathological diagnosis agreement and whether...
BACKGROUND
To investigate the relative frequency of localized mucosal swellings of the upper and lower labial mucosa, the clinical-pathological diagnosis agreement and whether patient's age and gender and tumor's site and size may raise the suspicion of neoplasm.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Retrospective analysis was performed on upper or lower labial mucosal tumors, histopathologically diagnosed between 2009-2018. The diagnostic categories developmental/reactive tumors, benign and malignant neoplasms were associated with patient's age and gender and tumor's site and size; clinical-pathological diagnosis agreement was, also, evaluated.
RESULTS
Overall, 1000 (95.7%) developmental/reactive tumors, 35 (3.3%) benign and 10 (1%) malignant neoplasms were found. Upper/lower lip tumor ratio was 0.14:1. The diagnostic category was significantly associated with age (p<0.0001), site (p<0.0001) and diameter (p<0.0001). Age ≥60 years, tumor's location on the upper lip and diameter >1cm were independent predictors for neoplasms. Patients presenting 2 or 3 of these variables were 20.2 times (p < 0.0001) or 33.6 times (p < 0.0001), respectively, more likely to have a neoplasm. Complete/partial agreement between clinical and pathological diagnosis was seen in 96.3% of the cases.
CONCLUSIONS
Most lip tumors involve the lower lip and are reactive, but upper lip tumors measuring >1cm in patients≥60 years have significantly higher probability to be neoplasms.
Topics: Biopsy; Humans; Lip; Lip Neoplasms; Mouth Mucosa; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32851990
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23933 -
Genomics & Informatics Mar 2021Lip and oral cavity cancer, which can occur in any part of the mouth, is the 11th most common type of cancer worldwide. The major obstacles to patients' survival are the...
Lip and oral cavity cancer, which can occur in any part of the mouth, is the 11th most common type of cancer worldwide. The major obstacles to patients' survival are the poor prognosis, lack of specific biomarkers, and expensive therapeutic alternatives. This study aimed to identify the main genes and pathways associated with lip and oral cavity carcinoma using network analysis and to analyze its molecular mechanism and prognostic significance further. In this study, 472 genes causing lip and oral cavity carcinoma were retrieved from the DisGeNET database. A protein-protein interaction network was developed for network analysis using the STRING database. VEGFA, IL6, MAPK3, INS, TNF, MAPK8, MMP9, CXCL8, EGF, and PTGS2 were recognized as network hub genes using the maximum clique centrality algorithm available in cytoHubba, and nine potential drug candidates (ranibizumab, siltuximab, sulindac, pomalidomide, dexrazoxane, endostatin, pamidronic acid, cetuximab, and apricoxib) for lip and oral cavity cancer were identified from the DGIdb database. Gene enrichment analysis was also performed to identify the gene ontology categorization of cellular components, biological processes, molecular functions, and biological pathways. The genes identified in this study could furnish a new understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis and provide more reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of lip and oral cavity cancer.
PubMed: 33840168
DOI: 10.5808/gi.20062 -
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2016Tumors of the lip and oral cavity differ in various aspects; therefore a clarification of the distinctions among these sites may help to better understand the biologic...
INTRODUCTION
Tumors of the lip and oral cavity differ in various aspects; therefore a clarification of the distinctions among these sites may help to better understand the biologic behavior of neoplasms occurring in these locations.
OBJECTIVE
Considering that angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are two major elements that can influence various aspects of tumor biology, we aimed to compare these factors between squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip and oral cavity.
METHODS
A total of 84 primary squamous cell carcinomas including 45 oral and 39 lower lip tumors were selected and immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal antibody against D2-40 and CD105. Mean microvessel density was assessed in tumoral tissue, while lymphatic vessel density was calculated in both neoplastic tissue and invasion front. Data were statistically analyzed using t-test and p-values of <0.05 were considered significant.
RESULTS
We found a mean microvessel density±standard deviation of 31.94±18.9 in oral cavity and 27.54±20.8 in lower lip squamous cell carcinomas, with no significant difference (p=0.32). Mean lymphatic vessel density±standard deviation was 13.05±8.2 and 16.57±10.79 in of oral cavity and lower lip neoplastic tissue, respectively. The corresponding values were 9.94±5.59 and 12.50±7.8 in the invasive front. Significant differences were not observed in either of the lymphatic vessel density variables between the two sites.
CONCLUSION
According to our results, it seems that the search for additional factors other than those related to the vasculature should continue, to help clarify the differences in biologic behavior between lower lip and oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lip Neoplasms; Lymphangiogenesis; Lymphatic Vessels; Male; Microvessels; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 26614046
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.06.008 -
International Journal of Cancer Mar 2021Scant evidence exists to support the association of opium use with head and neck cancer, limited to the larynx and oral cavity. In a multicenter case-control study-Iran...
Scant evidence exists to support the association of opium use with head and neck cancer, limited to the larynx and oral cavity. In a multicenter case-control study-Iran Opium and Cancer study, we recruited 633 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) (254 lip and oral cavity, 54 pharynx, 327 larynx and 28 other subsites within the head and neck) and 3065 frequency-matched controls from April 2016 to April 2019. Odds ratios (ORs) for opium use and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were obtained using mixed-effects logistic regression because of heterogeneity among centers. The adjusted OR (95% CI) for regular opium use was 3.76 (2.96-4.79) for all HNSCC combined. Strong dose-response effects were observed by frequency or amount of use, and duration of use. Regular opium uses significantly increased the risk of HNSCC of the pharynx, larynx and other subsites within the head and neck with OR (95% CI) of 2.90 (1.40-6.02), 6.55 (4.69-9.13) and 5.95 (2.41-14.71), respectively. The observed associations were significant even among never tobacco smokers (including cigarette and water-pipe smoking). Moreover, by the multiplicative interaction scale, the effect of opium use could be varied by cigarette smoking on HNSCC, 8.16 (6.20-10.74). For the first time, the current study showed opium users have an increased risk of several anatomic subsites of HNSCC.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Opium Dependence; Risk; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
PubMed: 32895947
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33289 -
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Jul 2020Hydrochlorothiazide-induced photosensitivity may increase squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and lip cancer risk. The aim was to quantify these...
AIMS
Hydrochlorothiazide-induced photosensitivity may increase squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and lip cancer risk. The aim was to quantify these risks.
METHODS
Nested case-control studies using data from the UK THIN database from 01 January 1999 to 01 May 2016. Adults with incident SCC, BCC, melanoma, lip cancer and oral cancer were matched (on age, sex and calendar year of cohort entry) to controls using incidence density sampling. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) for each outcome were calculated for ever and cumulative hydrochlorothiazide exposure, measuring the impact of additionally adjusting for smoking and body mass index (BMI). Adjusted rate differences were estimated, including the number needed to harm.
RESULTS
Cumulative hydrochlorothiazide doses ≥50 000 mg were associated with a significantly increased risk of SCC IRR = 3.05 (1.93-4.81) and BCC IRR = 1.34 (1.06-1.69). Using a 5-year lag-period, hydrochlorothiazide exposure was also associated with a significantly increased risk of lip cancer (IRR 2.85, 95% confidence interval 1.32-6.15). No significantly increased risk of melanoma or oral cavity cancer was observed. Following adjustment for smoking and BMI, which had inverse associations with several skin cancer types, associations for hydrochlorothiazide remained significant. The overall number needed to harm with high-dose cumulative hydrochlorothiazide exposure was: 804 for SCC; 2463 for BCC, and 200 000 for lip cancer but varied by age and sex.
CONCLUSION
Hydrochlorothiazide exposure was associated with an increased risk of SCC, BCC and lip cancer that is not explained following adjustment for smoking and BMI. These findings may support clinical and regulatory decision making.
Topics: Adult; Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Case-Control Studies; Humans; Hydrochlorothiazide; Incidence; Lip Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 32068906
DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14245 -
Drug Delivery Dec 2022Retinoblastoma (RB) is a malignant intraocular neoplasm that occurs in children. Diagnosis and therapy are frequently delayed, often leading to metastasis, which...
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a malignant intraocular neoplasm that occurs in children. Diagnosis and therapy are frequently delayed, often leading to metastasis, which necessitates effective imaging and treatment. In recent years, the use of nanoplatforms allowing both imaging and targeted treatment has attracted much attention. Herein, we report a novel nanoplatform folate-receptor (FR) targeted laser-activatable liposome termed FA-DOX-ICG-PFP@Lip, which is loaded with doxorubicin (DOX)/indocyanine green (ICG) and liquid perfluoropentane (PFP) for photoacoustic/ultrasound (PA/US) dual-modal imaging-guided chemo/photothermal RB therapy. The dual-modal imaging capability, photothermal conversion under laser irradiation, biocompatibility, and antitumor ability of these liposomes were appraised. The multifunctional liposome showed a good tumor targeting ability and was efficacious as a dual-modality contrast agent both and . When laser-irradiated, the liposome converted light energy to heat. This action caused immediate destruction of tumor cells, while simultaneously initiating PFP phase transformation to release DOX, resulting in both photothermal and chemotherapeutic antitumor effects. Notably, the FA-DOX-ICG-PFP@Lip showed good biocompatibility and no systemic toxicity was observed after laser irradiation in RB tumor-bearing mice. Hence, the FA-DOX-ICG-PFP@Lip shows great promise for dual-modal imaging-guided chemo/photothermal therapy, and may have significant value for diagnosing and treating RB.
Topics: Animals; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Coloring Agents; Doxorubicin; Drug Carriers; Drug Liberation; Folic Acid Transporters; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Liposomes; Mice; Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Photoacoustic Techniques; Photothermal Therapy; Random Allocation; Retinal Neoplasms; Retinoblastoma; Surface Properties; Ultrasonography, Interventional; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
PubMed: 35156504
DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2032876